Crossing the Line of Police Brutality - 2199 Words

####not well written####Introduction Police brutality is the use of any force exceeding that reasonably necessary to accomplish a lawful police purpose. (Gregory Umbach) There is a very thin line as to what is acceptable and excessive use of force for police officers. Many police departments try their best to outline what is appropriate use of force to weed out these unacceptable practices. However, some evidence and scenarios point to race being a possible factor in police brutality. There exist two sides to this argument on the bias of race in police brutality. One side believes that race does play a role in the polices overuse of force, while the other side disagrees and states that other circumstances lead to the propensity of most police abused victims to be of the minority ethnic group. In this literature review, sources that directly relate race with police brutality and their excessive use of force shall be analyzed along with sources that state the opposite and find the poli ce brutality coincidental to the race of the victim or officer. It is in my opinion that race clearly does lead to the increase in police brutality, as the police put themselves in confrontations more often with the minority groups, through the use of racial profiling in terms of stop and frisks. The Problem The problem of police brutality being linked to race is not a new one. Most officers do not believe that they are at fault and usually blame the victim for instigating the conflict.Show MoreRelatedWe Must Stop Police Brutality826 Words   |  4 PagesPolice brutality is an act that often goes unnoticed by the vast majority of white Americans. This is the intentional use of â€Å"excessive force by an authority figure, which oftentimes ends with bruises, broken bones, bloodshed, and sometimes even death† (Harmon). While law-abiding citizens worry about protecting themselves from criminals, it has now been revealed that they must also keep an eye on those who are supposed to protect and serve. According to the National Police Academy, in the pastRead More Police Brutality Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, police abuse has come to the attention of the general public. While citizens worry about protecting themselves from criminals, it has now been shown that they must also keep a watchful eye on those who have been given the responsibility to protect and serve. This paper will discuss the types of police abuse prevalent today, including the use of firearms and recovery of private information. I will also discuss what and how citizens’ rights are violated by the police. We will also exploreRead MorePolice Profiling is Racist Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesStates are against police profiling in our cities and towns against African-Americans and other minorities, while they are supporters of racial profiling in our airports. This research paper investigates how profiling everywhere can help improve our security, while not crossing the fine line into racis m. This paper also shows some examples of when profiling has turned into racism, and how we can prevent this. There are many people in the United States that are against police profiling. ProfilingRead MoreBroken Window Crime Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagestheory was adapted into a method of policing. It was implemented in New York in 1994, becoming the fifth of eight policing strategies adopted by the New York Police Department (NYPD) under Police commissioner Bill Bratton (Newburn,2013) and emphasised enforcing minor ‘quality of life’ offences to make neighbourhoods feel safer. Initially police presence was increased on subway platforms in an attempt to reduce fair evasion, wherein many turnstile jumpers were caught (Hartcourt and Ludwig, 2006). TheRead MorePolice Brutality3320 Words   |  14 PagesIn recent years, police actions, particularly police abuse, has come into view of a wide, public and critical eye. While citizens worry about protecting themselves from criminals, it has now been shown that they must also keep a watchful eye on those who are supposed to protect and serve. This paper will discuss the types of police abuse prevalent today, including the use of firearms and receipt of private information. I will also discuss what and how citizens rights are taken advantage ofRead MoreWhat Can Social Psychology Teach Us About What Happened At Abu Ghraib? Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesshift. The soldiers involved were all reserve soldiers who were not prepared or trained for this mission. They were asked to interrogate the detainees ‘take the gloves off’ to extract information out of them. The soldiers were pressured into crossing the line to gain information by the centre intelligence agency, tier 1A was known as the interrogation hold. One detained was mentally ill, he covered himself in faeces every day, the soldiers would have to role him in sand so he wouldn’t smell so badRead MoreBlack Panther Party : A New Political Organization1851 Words   |  8 Pageshealth clinics, to rent strikes resulting in tenant ownership of their buildings, to Liberation School for grade-schoolers, to free clothing drives, to campaigns for community control of schools, community control of police, and campaigns to stop drugs, crime, and police murder and brutality in the various Black colonies across America.† Huey created the Panther’s with the vision that he can change the conditions of African Americans by taking up arms against white supremacy. Members of the organizationRead MoreJudicial Issue : Police Misconduct3148 Words   |  13 PagesWill Addington SPC3513 Argumentation Paper Project # 1 Judicial Issue Police Misconduct America, being founded on doctrine such as The Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, shows how we as a nation hold justice and freedom forefront in our belief system. Having a police force in our country to help the citizens of the United States of America uphold these values, that have been passed down over the generations, the values that our forefathers created for us, is one of the mainRead MoreThe State of Israel and The BASEL System1579 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter spent. Because Israel violates the human rights of Palestinians the United States should not aid them. The Israeli have killed innocent Palestinians, including women, children, entire families and peaceful protestors. During protests, Israeli police and soldiers meet the protestors with rubber bullets, 22-caliber bullets, and tear gas canisters firing them into the crowds. Two young Palestinian men were killed may 15th, 2014 during a demonstration for Nakba Day, a commemoration of the destructionRead MoreThe Fall of the Berlin Wall1382 Words   |  6 PagesSoviet sector of Berlin. Roused from sleep, people looking down from their windows saw convoys of trucks and troop carriers speeding toward the line dividing East Berlin from West Berlin. Within two hours, thousands of steel-helmeted East German troops and armed police were deployed along the border. Guards with automatic weapons were posted at crossing points between the eastern and western sections of the city. Machine gun positio ns were set up. Border patrols were assigned and dispatched.

Essay on Organizational Theory - 881 Words

This is a study to examine the background of various organization theories and their development from the perspective of legitimacy and efficacy; to evaluate selected discussions regarding theory development and various theories; to encourage the use of evidence based theory development and to provide a look into the model and related theories that are created after looking at the existing theories. While not rejecting the need for thorough testing of theories, I am simply looking into the suggestion of theories and models for their worth. Only is that when we begin to thoroughly looking into the application of the theories, that they can then be tested in conditions of their authenticity and the level that they are useful.†¦show more content†¦There are several new theories, models and extensions of existing theories out there that in the future should be available to be presented for discussion and to be tested for the soundness in their application ability (Miles, McKe nny, Short, Davis, Wu). With this thought, we must start the movement of progress for the organizational theory development so we can be prepared for the beginning and use in the current changing environment of business. In using an evidence based approach, we will begin to discover new approaches and expand the existing theories and current models. Research has shown that there have been several management and organization theories that have been tested through the years and a lot of those were introduced as very sound and logical prior to testing and were accepted by the majority of theorist. The finding of these theories and models simply do not mean that there is a necessity in depth testing and validation for them to be measured justifiable theories. There are theorists that have said that the incorporation of this theory creation and testing is vital. With that said, all of the building and formation of new theories needs to be evaluated so that an evaluation is feasible through sound and dependable testing. But with all of this testing, several problems have emerged as theorist and researchersShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Theory671 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Theory Angele Muhammad February 5, 2014 Assistant Professor Darren Gil Southern University at New Orleans Abstract I will discuss the basis of an organizational theory as it applies to the criminal justice system. I am discussing and giving a clear understanding of the criminal justice system as an organization of a bureaucratic management system with hierarchies and processes of inputs, processes, and outputs within one aspect of the criminal justice system i.e. policeRead MoreOrganizational Theory Of Organizational Management1488 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational theory studies the various variables that influence the behavior of an individual(s) working within an organization, but also, â€Å"prescribes how work and workers ought to be organized and attempts to explain the actual consequences of organizational behavior (including individual actions) on work being performed and on the organization itself.† (Milakovich Gordon, 2013, p.145). Of the many approaches to organizational analysis, Classical Organizational theory has been, even to thisRead MoreOrganizational Theory Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesAndrea K. Rivers ORG6503 : Organizational Theories amp; System Instructor: Kathleen Henry September 24, 2011 Introduction The owner of Creative Colors has taking my advice regarding restructuring and downsizing the company. The organization is now operating much more efficiently and has seen revenues begin to climb in its retail stores. With the improving economic climate in the region and the growing strength of the U.S. dollar compared to the Canadian dollar, the owner now sees an opportunityRead MoreThe Theory Of Organizational Change1450 Words   |  6 Pageseducate their employees in understanding and supporting change. Taking both organizational and employee perspectives into account, Armenakis and Bedeian (1999) have reviewed major research publications on the theory of organizational change from 1987 to 1999. To set a basis for selecting from the vast number of the available material, their study was concentrated on those researches focusing on the fundamentals of organizational change dynamics. The researchers acknowledge the effect of the extent ofRead MoreComparing the Modern Organizational Theory and Improvisation Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization theory deals with the formal structure, internal working, and external environment of complex human behavior within organizations. As a field spanning several disciplines, it prescribes how work and workers out to be organized and attempts to explain the actual consequences of organizational behavior (including individual behavior) on work done and on the organization itself.(Gordon and Milkavoich, 147) It has been evolving for centurie s on how should work be done in the public administrationRead MoreOrganizational Theory and Practice3050 Words   |  13 PagesOrganizational Theory Practice Introduction Previously people were less interested in an organizational culture. Cultural perspectives were not really important. When it comes to cultural change, leaders used to take an action at the end, at the time where company was facing bankruptcy, and they were not succeeded. Unlike now, culture is significantly important aspect in an organization. It shapes how people think and behave. Once an employee gets hired, firstly he or she tries to identify existingRead More organizational theory Essay2283 Words   |  10 PagesManagement.† (Internet) This is where the Human Relations School steps in. Its primary focus is the importance of attitudes and feelings of workers, while informal roles and norms influence performance. â€Å"At the most general level, human relations theory views humans as social creatures who have a need and desire for communication and interaction.† (Internet) Numerous studies have been conducted over the years trying to come up with the most efficient f orm of workplace management. The most famousRead MoreThe Neoclassical Organizational Theory Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesThe neoclassical organizational theory, which evolved as a reaction to the rigid, authoritarian structure of the classical organizational theory, focuses on the importance of human relations and behavior in the workplace (Docherty et al., 2001). According to the classical organizational theory, there is a single best method to designing an organization. Based on this theory, a manager must have close control over their subordinates, resulting in an organization with tall hierarchies and a narrowRead MoreOrganizational Theory Multiple Perspectives1514 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In order to have a better understanding of organization theory, organizational phenomena should be studied in different ways. Different ways of thinking produce different perspectives which come to different concepts and theories. In this essay, multiple perspectives which are modern, symbolic-interpretive and post-modern will be defined. By examine the assumptions, which are ontology and epistemology underlying each of these perspectives, they can be compared. Also, how these perspectivesRead MoreExamples Of Neoclassical Organizational Theory909 Words   |  4 Pagesperspectives that moved away from the mechanistic views of classical organizational theory in which human beings act as different parts to that machine to an approach that attempts to account for internal and external environments. This multi-dimension approach is considered an intellectual merger of most prior schools of thought beginning with neoclassical. Neoclassical organizational theory, a modified version of the classical organizational theory was developed at the end of WWII through the 1950s as neoclassical

Zero Effort Network Essay Research Paper Zero free essay sample

Zero Effort Network Essay, Research Paper Zero Effort Networks ( Z.E.N. plants ) is a great new tool in NetWare 5, that makes the web decision maker # 8217 ; s occupation a batch easier by leting him to pass less clip at each user workstation. To be able to utilize the Z.E.N. works these are the lower limit hardware demands: ? Processor: 486/33 or higher? Memory: 16 MB ( for Windows 95 ) ; 24 MB ( for Windows NT ) ? Hard disc infinite: 4 MB ( workstation ; 24 MB ( full station ) Z.E.N. works demands to be installed on the waiter and the client on the workstation needs to be updated. During the installing procedure Dynamic Link Libraries ( DLLs ) are copied to the workstation. DLLs contain routines that are called by an application to execute certain operations. Another public-service corporation that is included in Z.E.N. works to assist the distribution and direction of applications is the Application Launcher, which consists of four major constituents: ? Snap-in DLL? Snapshot? Application objects in the Neodymium tree? Application Launcher Window and Application object The snAppShot public-service corporation allows you take a snapshot of the Windows workstation before put ining the application. We will write a custom essay sample on Zero Effort Network Essay Research Paper Zero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The snapshot includes Registry scenes along with the names of system and application files on the workstation. After the application has been installed, the snAppShot public-service corporation takes another image of the workstation # 8217 ; s constellation and so uses the two snapshots to make an Application Object Template ( AOT ) file. The Application Launc her uses the AOT file to find what Registry scenes and system files need to be copied to the workstation to run the application from the web. In add-on to including constellation scenes and system file names, the AOT file besides contains the name of the Application object and the way where you want to hive away the AOT and installing files. Consequently, before running the snAppShot public-service corporation, you need to specify the name you want to utilize for the Application object and make up ones mind where the application and AOT files will be stored. The Application Launcher package consists of two constituents: the wrapper plan and the launcher. The wrapper plan determines which launcher plan ( NALW31.EXE, NALWIN32.EXE, or NAL.EXE ) to run based on the client computing machine # 8217 ; s operating system. The launcher plan so determines the Application objects to which the user has entree and displays a window demoing all applications the user has been authorized to run. When the user selects an application, the launcher determines whether the application is installed on the workstation. If this is the first clip the user has run the application from this workstation, the application will automatically be installed utilizing the AOT file created by the snAppShot public-service corporation. If Application Launcher senses that the application constellation has been damaged, or files are losing or corrupt, it will automatically correct the application constellation and transcript and damaged or losing files.

Rational Choice Theory and Structural Functionalism a Supplementation and Assimilation Essay Example

Rational Choice Theory and Structural Functionalism: a Supplementation and Assimilation Essay Rational Choice Theory and Structural Functionalism: A Supplementation and Assimilation Great theories produce opposition in connection to their inconsistencies and while challengers may position the theory contra itself, followers tend to revise the theory in order to preserve it from dismissal. This usually occurs by broadening the original theory while maintaining that the revision is consistent with the theory’s original meaning. In exploring Talcott Parson’s Theory of Structural Functionalism I have been motivated by its ambiguities to revise it in such a way. I am not a proponent of Structural Functionalism and have strong ties to Rational Choice Theory. I enjoy that it is concerned with relating micro and macro levels of study rather than affirming that one is better than the other (Ritzer). I am also an atheist with no real ties to a moral code other than that dictated by societal norms (throughout this paper I will use the word society to refer to contemporary Anglo-Canadian society) and expectations, but my belief system rests in Ayn Rand’s philosophy of objectivism. I live according to motivated self-interest and believe that all choices great and small are rational. We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Choice Theory and Structural Functionalism: a Supplementation and Assimilation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Choice Theory and Structural Functionalism: a Supplementation and Assimilation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Choice Theory and Structural Functionalism: a Supplementation and Assimilation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Being raised in a household that avoided unnecessary communication at all costs compelled me to become a pragmatic and honest person in what little communication we did have. This pragmatism has consistently carried me through my interactions with others and has proven beneficial in seeking out and acting in my best interest. With this pragmatism comes an unrelenting want to avoid, deductive theory. This would explain why, in a position as a meta-theorist I feel compelled to assimilate Structural Functionalism to Rational Choice Theory. Due to its individualism, Rational Choice Theory could be considered neoliberal ideology. However, my interpretation leads me to understand that it does not necessarily lead to an individualistic model of society as a whole. For this reason I believe that the micro theory can easily and harmoniously be coincided with the macro theory of structural functionalism. In fact, despite its purported nature as a macro-theory, Parsons (1977) says that his theory can be extended to the microbiological level. To take from Coleman’s (1990) aim I’d argue that structural functionalism takes for granted an explanation for why and how social norms emerge as well as an account for the existence of dissent to these norms. Rational Choice Theory necessarily and seamlessly supplements Structural Functionalism and fills this theoretical void. Rational Choice Theory generally contests structural methods of explanation and assumes that society is equal to the totality of actions of individuals and that complex social phenomena can be explained in terms of the individual actions of which they are made up. This standpoint, called methodological individualism, holds that individuals are moved by their wants or preferences. Social order arises from these actions of individual self-interest. It positions itself in individualism and holds that sufficient sociological accounts involve individuals, their understanding of the conditions in which they are situated, and the reasons for choosing to take certain actions. Choices are made in relation to both their goals and the means for attaining these goals. This involves the rational actor who is relatively independent, egoistic, goal-oriented, and rationally calculating. In this way, we act in accordance to our hierarchy of preferences. As rational thinkers we are constrained by logic and as rational actors we are constrained by our temporal reality. Rational choice theories hold that individuals must foresee the outcomes of multiple courses of action and calculate the one that will be best for them. Rational individuals choose the alternative that is likely to give them the greatest fulfillment. Some reasons why attempts to reconcile Rational Choice Theory as a macro theory of social action may be contested include the problems of, collective action, social norms, and social structure. The question comes to be: if individuals consider the personal benefit to be made from each course of action, why would one ever choose to act in a way that would benefit others more than themselves? Why do people seem to follow norms of behaviour that lead them to act in altruistic way that seem to take precedence over their self-interest. For Parsons, (1977) this could be explained only by acknowledging that there is a normative, component in decision making. I would be quick to intimate that this understanding may be remedied to coincide with rational choice theory by suggesting that people are willing to make decisions that benefit others at the expense of their own immediate self-interest because they have regarded the course of action as continuing on longer than the immediate. Talcott Parsons makes some main assumptions about society including that all parts are interdependent, the whole may be impacted by the nature of one part, tendencies to change from within are controlled by systems and social action is voluntary in nature. Parsons argued that action had to be guided by social norms and values. Structural Functionalism proffers that society leans towards equilibrium and social order and society is seen as a biological body, in which systems keep the body healthy. Societal health is apparently guaranteed when individuals accept the general mores of their society (Parsons:1977). This theory of voluntarism does not suggest that agency is governed only by free will but rather that it is constrained by boundaries. These boundaries form a patterned structure of relationships which come to be known as norms. Parsons believes that agency is a combination of individual action and restrictions of social systems. He then also proposes however that the successful functioning of society requires collectivism, as opposed to rational action. He fundamentally contradicts himself in that he gives space for individual action within his theory yet his theory is deemed a rival to individualism and a proponent of collectivism. He asks the question, ‘How can society persist when its members are pursuing their own self-interested goals? ’ (Parsons:1951). He seemingly answers his own theoretical question in that within his methodology, individuals are both constrained by systems and driven by individual goals. He states that â€Å"the problem of order, and thus of the nature of stable systems of social interaction that is, of social structure, thus focuses on the integration of the motivation of the actors with the normative cultural standards which integrate the action system, in our context, interpersonally† (Parsons:1951). Parsons focus was on the external forces that shape our individual motivations. His theory of Structural Functionalism however leaves a gaping void in explaining deviant behaviour. He makes a grand assumption about the existence and control of normative values. There is no consideration for resistance or dissent to these values. This lack of attention to social conflict ignores power and inequality. To look at decisions as long chains of actions we can begin to see how an individual’s hierarchy of preferences may influence them to incur immediate dissatisfaction for greater more fulfilling satisfaction in the long run. There exists anticipation for future reciprocity that becomes accepted as a kind of norm. This understanding presupposes that individuals will develop trust in each other, a rational response in attempts to build partnerships. This can be harmoniously tied into Parson’s Structural Functionalist understanding in which norms guide the individual. Rational Choice Theory is simply a reduction of societal norms to the individual level in which in most cases acting in line with these norms is in the individual’s self-interest. In this way we can incorporate Parsons’ viewpoint that societies are self-regulating and stable. In the cases where it is not calculated to be in their best interest to conform to mores we observe deviance. This is where Parson’s theory lacks explanation and where Rational Choice Theory can methodologically pick up the pieces. References Coleman, J. S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge: Belknap. Parsons, T. 1937. The Structure of Social Action. New York: McGraw-Hill. Parsons, T. 1951. The Social System. The Free Press, New York. Parsons, T. 977 Social Systems and the Evolution of Action Theory New York: Free Press. Ritzer, G. 1991. Metatheorizing in Sociology . Lexington Books , Lexington, MA. [ 1 ]. In Capitalism and Commerce (1991) Edward W. Younkins defines Ay Rand’s moral theory of self-interest as derived from mans nature as a rational being and end in himself. It recognizes mans right to think and act according to his freely-chosen principles, and reflects a mans potential to be the best person he can be in the context of his facticity.

How Much Is College Tuition Average Costs

How Much Is College Tuition Average Costs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Tuition is one of the biggest (if not the biggest) costs associated with attending college. Because of this, it’s important to know exactly how much of your money will be going towards this expense. In this article, I’ll explain exactly what’s included in this â€Å"tuition† line item on your college bill. Then, I’ll get into some of the nitty-gritty details, like: What isn’t included with tuition Average college tuition cost and the wide range of possible tuition prices Ways to pay less for college tuition Read on to learn more! What's the Average College Tuition Cost? So, tuition prices vary from school to school. Sometimes tuition prices will even vary within a certain school depending on your program or state residency. With that being said, here are average college tuition fee prices (2014-2015): $31,231 at private colleges $9,139 for state residents at public colleges $22,958 for non-state residents at public colleges As you can see, there’s a lot of variation in the prices of tuition based on the type of school you attend. These average amounts are helpful of course - they tell you what typical costs to expect - but we can also look at extreme prices at both ends of the spectrum. The Cheapest College Tuition Prices Some schools offer tuition prices that are significantly lower than the averages listed above. Schools that offer such low prices usually fall into one of two categories: They’re public schools that receive large subsidies from local governments so that they can charge students less They’re private schools that have made it their mission to offer low-cost educations The lowest tuition price I could find was $660 per semester at Dine College, in Arizona. There are many other schools that are very inexpensive, however. The average cost of attendance on this list of low-cost schools came to only $6,077 per year. The Most Expensive College Tuition Prices Some schools offer tuition prices that are, frankly, intimidatingly expensive. Schools that come with such a hefty sticker price generally fit one or more of the following criteria: They’re private schools, which means that tuition is not subsidized by any local or state governments. They’re elite, competitive schools with high operating costs. They'resmall liberal arts colleges. The highest tuition price I could find was $52,320 per year at Vassar College, in New York. There are a lot of other schools that are close to this price range, though. This list of the most expensive colleges in the US might give you a better idea of how common it is to charge such high prices. One caveat about these high prices, however: the same schools that charge so much for tuition often offer some really generous financial aid. Just because a college or university has a very high sticker price (also known as Cost of Attendance) doesn’t mean that students actually pay the full sticker price. The more financial aid a student gets, the lower her Net Price, which is the amount she actually has to pay to attend a school. The Net Price includes all expenses - not just tuition - but it’s an important number to consider because it’s more relevant when it comes to your budgeting concerns. What Does College TuitionInclude? Most of the time, when people say â€Å"tuition† they really mean â€Å"tuition and fees† - these costs are generally lumped together into one sum. So what does tuition money actually pay for? Well, tuition is considered the core of your college bill. It’s the fee that you pay for taking academic courses, and it may be calculated per semester (i.e. a flat rate) or per credit. Your tuition helps cover things like instructor pay, facility maintenance, and administrative costs. The â€Å"fees† that are usually lumped in with tuition may vary from school to school. Fees are generally pretty small when compared to the cost of tuition alone. They’re billed to students in order to cover extra services that are required to run a functioning school. Some common fees include: Lab fees - cover extra equipment and supplies required for lab courses Library fees - cover expenses associated with library resources and materials, which can be quite expensive Registration fees - help cover administrative expenses associated with enrolling and registering students each semester Student organization, activity, or services fees- used to support different student organizations, clubs, sports, activities, or even visiting academics Technology fees - used to cover expenses associated with providing technological equipment, programs, and support on campus Parking fees - common at schools where students commute, they help to cover maintenance of parking areas Health fees - cover health and counseling services provided to students Sometimes, students feel that they should not have to pay for particular fees if they know they won’t take advantage of certain services or resources. As unfair as that may seem, schools tend to make most fees mandatory for all students - if they didn’t, they wouldn’t be able to properly budget for those expenses. That being said, it couldn’t hurt to talk to the student billing office if you don’t think you should pay for a particular fee (i.e. if you’re charged a parking fee but you don’t drive to school). Fees: Annoying add-ons that cover pretty important services (like the library that you need to do well in your classes.) Tuition and Fees: Reals Here, I'll go through a couple of examples of tuition and fee breakdowns at real schools. This way, you'll be able to see exactly where students' money is going. Example #1: Arizona State University College of Liberal Arts Sciences, Full-Time In-StateStudent An in-state college student at ASU would be responsible for the following tuition and fees before any financial aid funds were applied: Description Annual Amount Resident Tuition $9,484 Resident Surcharge $320 Financial Aid Trust Fee $94 Recreation Fee $50 Technology Fee $100 Student Programs Fee $50 Health and Wellness Fee $80 Student Service Facility Fee $150 Student Athletics Fee $150 Total Tuition and Fees $10,478 As you can see, the bulk of the annual cost goes towards tuition. The total fee amount comes to $994. Keep in mind that these expenses don't include things like room, board, and transportation. Example #2: Boston University Full-Time Student Boston University doesn't supply quite as detailed of a breakdown when it comes to tuition and fee costs. Here's what a full-time student would be responsible for at BU before any financial aid was applied: Description Annual Amount Tuition $47,422 Fees $1,014 Total Tuition and Fees $48,436 A lot more expensive than ASU, right?The major difference here is that ASU is a public school whereas BU is private. To learn more about why these sticker prices are so high, read our guide explaining why college has gotten so expensive. Although BU might come with a pretty high sticker price, that doesn't mean the average student pays $48,436 every year for tuition and fees. At schools like BU, students' average Net Price (what studentsactually pay) tends to be much lower. For more info on sticker price versus Net Price, check out our guide to college costs. WhatIsn't Included With Tuition? Tuition is a big part of your college expenses, but it isn’t the only part. Depending on where you decide to go to school, you could have to budget for some other significant costs. The most important expenses not included with tuition include: Room - This covers rent or housing, whether you’re living on-campus or off (this is usually combined with board if you live on-campus). Board - Board amounts to your food expenses, either in the form of a meal plan (if you eat on-campus) or grocery/restaurant bills if you buy your own food. Transportation - This includes the costs associated with traveling back and forth from campus. Transportation may just be daily travel (if you commute to school), but it also may include transport to and from campus for holidays and breaks. Textbooks - Textbooks are notoriously expensive - you’re responsible for getting your hands on these required materials for your classes each semester. Personal expenses - Presumably, you’ll spend some money on yourself each semester. Personal expenses include things like hygiene items, laundry, clothing, and entertainment. These costs vary pretty widely depending on a lot of factors, including the type of school you go to (public versus private), where you go to school (in-state versus out-of-state), and your own personal choices (e.g. living at home versus living on campus). To get more information about what these expenses come to, and what you can do to minimize them, check out our complete guide to college costs. How Do You Pay Less for Tuition? These tuition prices might have you a little freaked out at the moment, but don’t panic yet! Published tuition prices aren’t necessarily what students actually pay to attend a school - like I mentioned; your Net Price is more important than the published sticker prices. There aren't any fire sales or flash discounts when it comes to college tuition, but there are ways to save money. So how canyou pay less for tuition and get your Net Price down to a reasonable amount? Here are your options: Go to a School With Cheap Tuition Costs This is perhaps the most obvious strategy - you can get your tuition costs down by applying to schools where tuition is already low. It’s easy to get information about a school’s tuition cost- itshould be outlined on every school'sfinancial aid or admissions website. You can start looking for inexpensive schools by checking out this list of the least expensive schools in the US. Before you get started, however; you should be prepared for the drawbacks that come with this strategy.There isn't necessarily great selection when it comes to schools with cheap tuition rates - you might only find public schools that offer lower prices for residents or schools that aren't particularly prestigious. Apply for Financial Aid Financial aid can bring down your costs no matter where you end up -if you submit the right application, that is. Anyone can apply for federal student aid with the FAFSA, the applicationfor the biggest source of student financial aid in the US. Many colleges and universities use the FAFSA to award their own financial aid funds. For more information, check out our step-by-step guide to applying for financial aid. Attend an In-State Public School Most of the time, public schools offer subsidized tuition at very good prices to in-state residents. These prices tend to be much less expensive than prices offered to out-of-state residents. If you’re interested in any schools close to home, you may be able to save even more money on room and board by living with family instead of payingexpensive rent costs. Attend a School With a Generous Financial Aid Program I’ve already mentioned that some of the most expensive schools in the country also offer some of the most generousfinancial aid in the country. If your grades and test scores are competitive, and you’re accepted to a school that offers strong aid, much (if not all) of your financial need may be covered by the school itself. You should check out schools that cover 100% of financial need and schools that have the best overall financial aid programs. Come across a school that you're interested in? You can instantly estimate your chances of admission. Just google â€Å"PrepScholar [school name] admissions† to visit our interactive admissions page. What's Next? You've just processed a lot of information about tuition costs and how to lower them. If you want even more strategies for decreasing your costs, keep reading! Scholarships are a great way to get funding for tuition, fees, room, board, textbooks, anything you use for college, really. 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7 Expressions and Ideas About Elephants

7 Expressions and Ideas About Elephants 7 Expressions and Ideas About Elephants 7 Expressions and Ideas About Elephants By Mark Nichol The elephant, thanks to its majestic size and unusual features, has inspired an assortment of metaphors and other verbal associations. â€Å"The elephant in the room,† for example, refers to an obvious issue that observers go out of their way to ignore. A more complicated connotation is that of a white elephant, an undesirable possession often donated alongside other like items at a fund-raising white-elephant sale on the assumption that someone else will find value in it. This usage is a dilution of the original meaning, based on the custom among the kings of Siam of offering a rare white elephant to noblemen who had fallen out of favor. The unfortunate recipient would then soon be financially ruined by the cost of maintaining such a beast. From this connotation arose the usage of â€Å"white elephant† to refer to a massively expensive, wasteful construction project. A pink elephant, on the other hand, is supposedly the likely hallucination of a drunk person. â€Å"Seeing the elephant,† by contrast, alludes to the onetime novelty of the animal, when people would travel far to view one in a circus parade or under the big top itself; thus, any overwhelming experience could be compared to this memorable observation. Then there’s the elephant test, which refers to the idea that an elephant is difficult to describe, but one knows it when one sees it. And sight, or the lack of it, is integral to a story told of six blind men who gave conflicting descriptions of an elephant because though each was giving an opportunity to touch one, they felt different parts: the trunk, a tusk, an ear, a leg, the stomach, and the tail. There’s also the concept of an elephant in Cairo, based on the idea of an algorithm computer programmers would develop to describe how to hunt elephants in Africa, involving a methodical sweep of the entire continent from south to north. This analog for creating a search algorithm refers to the placement of an elephant in the city in the far northeast corner of Africa to provide a termination point for the search process in case an elephant is not otherwise discovered. Two other associations of elephants are their well-documented superior intelligence and memory, and their fallacious fear of mice, perhaps based on observations in zoos and circuses of elephants, which have poor eyesight, unnerved by the scurrying of rodents. Finally, the origin of the adjective jumbo is an elephant of that name owned and exhibited by master showman P. T. Barnum. His hyperbolic advertisements of the elephant’s size led to the adoption of the animal’s name as a synonym for colossal. (Elephantine, by the way, is another synonym, though it also refers to ponderousness.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive Interjections44 Resume Writing TipsUsing Writing Bursts to Generate Ideas and Enthusiasm

Research method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research method - Essay Example Positivists believe that all true knowledge is scientific, and that all things are ultimately measurable, and that knowledge can be organized in clear and generally accepted ways.   A positivist also tends to believe there is one best way to do things (Bryman & Bell, 2006, 57). Realism is all about accepting an event or situation as it is and preparing to deal with it accordingly (D’Aleo) Realism can thus exist independent of the onlooker. Phenomenology is about getting the deeper reasons behind human actions, concentrating on personal perspective and interpretation (Lester, 2000, 2). It would use personal interviews to get individual perspectives rather than make sweeping generalizations about the reasons behind choices. While measuring the size of the customer segment, it is clear that positivism using a scientific or mathematically verifiable method would be the best way to proceed. In research projects, both inductive and deductive reasoning can be used to establish hypotheses to be proved or disproved. Inductive reasoning progresses from the specific to the general (www.nakedscience.org). For example, regarding the feedback about their first visits to the Thai restaurant, we can start with the observations of individual opinion leaders or age groups and end by surmising the likelihood that a particular behavior or preference will be endorsed by the majority of the Brighton community of that age group or social segment. Deductive reasoning by contrast, progresses from the general to the specific (Saunders et al, 2009, 152). We can look at the major reasons why the Thai restaurant is preferred to others in the Brighton area and then concentrate on specific elements that are likely to draw in more